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News about National Sheep Genetic Improvement Programs (2015-2025)
News from the Ministry of Agriculture, China
Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on the issuance of "National Sheep Genetic Improvement Program (2015-2025)," the notice published by: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Division
Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities animal husbandry and veterinary (animal husbandry, agriculture) Agency (Office, commissions, offices), the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau:
To speed up the process of genetic improvement of sheep, the sheep industry to promote the sustained and healthy development, our department developed a "national sheep genetic improvement programs (2015-2025)", is issued to you, please with local conditions, carefully organized and implemented.
Office of the Ministry of Agriculture
June 1, 2015
National sheep genetic improvement programs (2015-2025)
Our country is a big country sheep, sheep herds, slaughter and mutton production rank first in the world. Accelerate the development of the sheep industry, to optimize the structure of animal husbandry, increasing farmers' income, lamb meet consumer demand, promote social harmony and stability play an important role. Seed is the foundation of modern sheep industry development, genetic improvement is to increase the competitiveness of the sheep industry an important starting point. To speed up the process of genetic improvement of sheep, sheep breeding system to improve and enhance the production capacity of sheep, the sheep industry to promote the sustained and healthy development, the development of this plan.
I. Current Situation of sheep genetic improvement
Since 1949, our sheep, goat rearing and breeding work has made considerable progress. Nearly three decades, driven by the market, our sheep breeding direction gradually shifted from the wool mainly meat-based, sheep breeding and genetic improvement work steadily, to enhance the level of development of the sheep industry has played an important role.
Variety (a) genetic resources
Of sheep, goats genetic resources are very rich, included in the "Chinese Farm Animal Genetic Resources Chi? Chi sheep" in a total of 100 local varieties, including 42 sheep, 58 goats. Han sheep and other 27 fine local varieties into the "National Animal Genetic Resource Protection List." These landraces roughage, resistance and disease resistance, performance characteristics, and is a valuable resource and breeding material for sustainable development of the sheep industry. At the same time, we introduced from abroad a number of excellent sheep varieties, bred for meat sheep breeds 3, 2 goat breeds to enrich the sheep genetic resources in China.
(B) breeding system initially established
And regional distribution to adapt to stock field and the initial establishment of field resources as the core, breeding grounds for support, to meet the different needs of production and production scale of sheep breeding system. By the end of 2014, there were 1,730 stud farm, where sheep breeding farm 814, population 2,502,000 sheep; goat breeding farm 916, population 824,000 sheep; sheep national resource conservation farms 20 , protected areas 4.
(C) production levels steady improvement
With the popularization and improvement of management of thoroughbred breeding, sheep individual production performance has improved significantly, industry production capacity steadily. In 2014, the national sheep population 303 million, to slaughter 287 million, an increase over 1980, respectively, 116 million, 245 million, an average annual increase of 1.4%, 5.8%; mutton 4.282 million tons, 9 times in 1980. Sheep slaughter rate in 1980 increased to 23% in 2014 to 95%, carcass weight increased from 10.5 kg to 14.9 kg.
Although Sheep Genetic Improvement has made great achievements, but compared with the actual needs of the sheep industry a new stage of development, there are still some problems to resolve outstanding problems. First, the basic work is lagging behind. Breeding and hybridization utilization lack of effective planning and guidance. Breeding methods are backward, seed registration, performance measurement, genetic evaluation system and other infrastructure work has not been carried out. Some varieties improved direction and technology roadmap is not clear, unorganized hybridization quite serious. Second, the poor condition of the hardware and software. Most breeding stud farm infrastructure and equipment, inadequate breeding technology, the core group of small-scale, sheep uneven quality, not high performance. Third seed cultivation has been slow. Breeding system is not perfect, low breeding efficiency, excellent characteristics of local varieties have not been effectively tapped. Domestic meat breed a small number of specialized, performance is not high, the breeding core provenance dependence on imports is not fundamentally reversed.
Second, the guiding ideology and objectives
(A) guidelines
Play a decisive role in market allocation of resources, adhere to both continue breeding and cultivation of new varieties of the species, in order to improve individual performance and product quality as the main direction to enhance the capacity for the kind and quality as the core, the core of the national sheep breeding ground for carrier strengthen policy support, strengthening scientific and technological support, perfect Liangfan system, standardize carry sheep breeding registration, performance measurement, evaluation of genetic breeding, crossbreeding solid orderly way, continue to improve the level of seed, the sheep industry to promote the development of provenance protection.
(Ii) the overall objectives
By 2025, the construction of the national sheep genetic evaluation center a regional center of production performance of 6-8, the selection of core national sheep breeding farms (breeding stock field and field) 100 accommodation 35-40 meat obvious characteristics, adaptability, promotion potential of the local varieties of the breeding carried out continuously bred varieties and breeding to improve the performance of the main introduced species, about 10 sheep cultivate new varieties, production performance sheep population has increased steadily.
(C) the main task
1. Determine the focus of local varieties bred, bred varieties, introduced species, the development of breeding program that will guide breeding; filter suitable crosses guidance variety utilization.
2. The establishment of national and regional centers of sheep genetic evaluation of production performance of the center, to carry out genetic evaluation, guiding the implementation of sheep production performance measurement.
3. Develop selection criteria, selecting core national sheep breeding farms, sheep breeding core group formed to carry out breeding and cultivation of new varieties of this species.
4. Conduct thoroughbred registration, sound archives pedigree sheep breeding farm in the heart of sheep country.
(D) the main indicators
1.2025 years ago 100 sheep breeding farms core selection, form the basis of purebred ewes 150,000 core breeding population.
2. Complete core breeding sheep breeding stud farm in the group registration, and gradually form a continuous complete stud pedigree files, to achieve dynamic tracking population.
3. By 2025, 100 countries reached an annual sheep sheep breeding farms core performance measured amount above 100,000.
4. By 2025, the focus of local varieties of meat breeding performance increased by 10%; new cultivars main meat performance than the parent average increase of more than 12%; sheep lambing rate of 120% over the pastoral, agricultural area of ??more than 150% goats lambing rate of 180%.
Genetic Improvement Strategy Three main sheep breeds
(A) landraces
1. Sheep
Sheep variety of local resources, generally resistant to crude feed, adaptability, and other characteristics, but slow growth, meat poor performance. Local sheep performance measurement lag, inadequate breeding, genetic progress is slow population.
Local sheep genetic improvement focused on conducting ujimqin sheep, Han sheep, Hu sheep, sheep, Kazakstan sheep, Tibetan sheep breeding species, breeding programs to develop varieties and expand the breeding population size, advance seed registration and performance measurement to improve meat production performance and capacity for the kind of population, formed by a breeding population, propagation group, commodity group consisting of breeding and production systems. Meanwhile, on the basis of the system planning, local conditions to carry out crosses screening, and the introduction of improved varieties bred varieties use as hybridization male, efficient and economical conduct of large-scale cross. On a larger scale, there are some local varieties of hybrid breeding based groups, to develop breeding plans to carry out the cultivation of new varieties of sheep.
2. Goat
Local goat breeds are more concentrated in Central and southern regions, with early maturity, high fecundity and adaptability and other characteristics, but there is a small individual, slow growth, feed conversion rate, less meat and other shortcomings. Goat breeding system is imperfect, the lack of systematic breeding, production performance within individual species are quite different. Crossbreeding lack of long-term planning and scientific matching program, causing some local varieties degradation, decline in the number of purebred, hybrid lineage groups is unclear.
Local goat genetic improvement focused on conducting Huanghuai goat, Chengdu Ma goat, horse goat, Yunling goat, Guizhou goat breeding other varieties, and expand the breeding population size, to carry out performance measurement, seed registration, focus breeding meat performance. Meanwhile, combine the characteristics of sheep production in different regions, on the basis of the system planning, screening superiority crosses for large-scale, characteristic of hybrid economy. The introduction of varieties and landraces high generation hybrid groups, establish breeding base, carry out systematic selection for growth rate, premature, meat quality, and cultivate new varieties of goat meat has been formed.
(B) Cultivars
Pakistan-US have been bred sheep, sheep Zhaowuda, Chahar sheep meat sheep breeds, Nanjiang, Jane states with big ears and sheep meat goat breeds, focusing on breeding performance and improve meat group uniformity. Conduct performance measurement system and seed registration, continued to improve yields and stock for the kind of capability. Intensify efforts to promote variety, selection of suitable economic hybrid model, the development of intensive, standardized production.
(C) the introduction of species
China has introduced more varieties of sheep, currently used primarily in the production of the presence or absence of Dorset, Texel, Suffolk, Dorper, Australia white, German Mutton Merino, South African Mutton Merino and goats and other species. In addition to cultivation of new varieties of material as external, through hybridization with local varieties for many years, formed a variety of types of hybrid populations, but the lack of scientific breeding and hybridization system use.
Focusing on the introduction of genetic improvement, through continuous selection and propagation population, the establishment of commercial breeding system, the appropriate level of quality sheep genetic material or embryos, semen, expand breeding population, were registered varieties, and gradually form a continuous complete species Sheep pedigree files. On the basis of the production performance of the venue, conduct a unified, standardized cross-population genetic assessment, continued to improve for the kind and quality, narrow the gap with foreign advanced level. Meanwhile, according to the characteristics of different varieties to determine the suitable area hybrids with the establishment and optimization of crossbreeding system, full use of heterosis.
(D) to cultivate new varieties
Cultivation of new varieties of the focus is on local varieties and the introduction of varieties of breeding material, with enterprises as the main body, a clear breeding objectives, breeding programs to develop varieties, to carry out continuous system to cultivate.
The main direction of pastoral cultivation of new varieties are: adaptability while maintaining good premise, highlighting the meat performance and reproductive performance, taking into account the performance of wool or leather.
The main direction of cultivation of new varieties of agricultural areas are: high reproductive performance, fast growth, feed conversion rate.
Fourth, the main content
(A) to carry out key breeding and use
1. Implementation of content
Depending on the layout and status of genetic resources sheep advantages of the region, identify priority breeding species, the development of breeding and utilization program.
2. Task Indicators
2016 set priorities bred varieties, breeding and use proposed 2018 program of all varieties.
(B) the establishment of sheep genetic evaluation and performance measurement system
1. Implementation of content
Building national sheep genetic evaluation center, to develop sheep genetic evaluation program, improve production performance measurement standards and management practices, build national sheep breeding database and data exchange and sharing platform to carry out the collection, analysis and evaluation and publication.
The establishment of regional centers of sheep production performance of the organization and guidance of the national sheep breeding farms ongoing core sheep production performance of work.
2. Task Indicators
2020, building national sheep genetic evaluation center one, the establishment of a regional center performance measurement sheep 6-8.
(Iii) the selection of core national sheep breeding farms
1. Implementation of content
Develop national sheep breeding farms core selection criteria, take voluntary enterprise, the provincial animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the audit recommended way, the selection of 100 core countries of sheep breeding farms.
2. Task Indicators
2020, completed the selection of 50 national sheep breeding farms core, the core foundation ewe breeding population reached 50,000, related to breeding facilities complete. 2025, a total of 100 national sheep breeding farms core selection, forms the basis of the total population 150,000 ewe mutton core breeding population. Core national sheep breeding farms to carry out production performance specifications, timely reporting of relevant data.
(D) organize breeding registration
1. Implementation of content
Sheep breeding developed technical norms for registration, the organization of national sheep breeding farms to carry out core thoroughbred registration.
2. Task Indicators
2025, 100 countries completed the core sheep breeding farms registered in the group of sheep breeding, and gradually form a continuous complete stud pedigree files.
Five, safeguards
(A) strengthen the organization and management of
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Secretary to establish a national organization of sheep genetic improvement programs leading group, responsible for planning the implementation of top-level design, co-ordination, supervision and management, performance evaluation. National Animal Husbandry specifically responsible for program implementation, organizational development focused on genetic improvement breeding program, the selection of core national sheep breeding farms, guide the development of performance measurement, seed registration, seed promotion work. Provincial animal husbandry and veterinary administrative departments and technical support unit responsible for sheep genetic improvement within their respective jurisdictions, specifically responsible for the national sheep breeding farms core qualification and daily monitoring, supervision and conduct performance measurement, seed registration work to strengthen the guidance of crossbreeding, Zhongyang quality supervision. The main producing provinces to local conditions developed and implemented in the region of sheep genetic improvement programs.
(B) strengthening technical support
Relying on industrial technology research institutes and power system, the organization plans to establish a national sheep genetic improvement expert group responsible for developing technical specifications related to genetic improvement program focused on breeding varieties, genetic improvement techniques to carry out training, performance core national sheep breeding farms Determination, seed registration, use of hybrid and other work to provide technical support. National and regional centers of sheep genetic evaluation of production performance of the center in accordance with the requirements of genetic improvement programs, strengthen the measurement data analysis, to make a scientific determination of an accurate assessment and timely guidance.
(Iii) the establishment of dynamic management mechanism
Release to the public a list of the national sheep breeding farms core, accept the industry watchdog. Core national sheep breeding farms should conscientiously perform their obligations, and actively carry out seed registration, performance measurement, etc., timely reporting and breeding data. Establishment of the Group of Experts with the national sheep breeding farms contacts with counterparts core system, contact the experts to provide technical guidance for the enterprise daily breeding, breeding technology to help solve problems. Establish core breeding sheep field performance evaluation and exit mechanisms, the implementation of dynamic management, regularly organize national sheep breeding farms core examination and evaluation, in time to weed out unqualified companies.
(Iv) increase policy support
The gradual establishment of a government fund for guidance, business investment as the mainstay of diversified investment and financing mechanism, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the work of sheep genetic improvement. Increase core breeding sheep farm construction, production performance, cultivation of new varieties, excellent protection of local resources and other key aspects of support. Continue to promote sheep breeding to promote and accelerate the pace of improved varieties, improve the level of breeding sheep production.
(V) to promote research joint
Political research carried out extensive cooperation, integration, integration of core national sheep breeding farms, research institutes and technology promotion department and other forces, to build autonomous, efficient breeding system, and promote the genetic improvement of sheep population. At the same time, the introduction of foreign germplasm appropriate, encourage domestic and foreign enterprises, research institutions and breeding cooperation, and constantly enhance the level of development of China's seed industry sheep.
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